Byatangajwe · Rwanda

Kwiyandikisha ikigo mu Bushinwa: inyandiko, intambwe n'igihe

Ubuyobozi bw'ibikorwa ku bafatanyabikorwa bo mu Rwanda bashaka gushinga ikigo mu Bushinwa: inyandiko zikenewe, intambwe zo kwiyandikisha, igihe birangira, n'ibintu by'ibanze byo kwitondera. Ni amakuru rusange, atari inama z'amategeko cyangwa z'ibaruramari.

Gushinga ikigo mu Bushinwa ni intambwe ikomeye ku mufatanyabikorwa wo mu Rwanda ushaka kugera ku isoko rinini cyangwa gukorana n'abakora ibicuruzwa n'abatanga serivisi mu Bushinwa. Iyi ngingo igaragaza mu buryo bw'ibikorwa inyandiko zisanzwe zikenewe, intambwe zo kwiyandikisha n'igihe gishobora gutwara. Ni amakuru rusange gusa, atari inama z'amategeko cyangwa z'ibaruramari; amategeko n'ibisabwa bihinduka kandi bigenda bitandukana bitewe n'akarere n'ubwoko bw'ikigo.

Ibanze: ubwoko bw'ikigo ugomba guhitamo

Mu Bushinwa, ubwoko bw'ikigo ugomba guhitamo bugira ingaruka ku nyandiko, ku bushobozi bwo gukora ubucuruzi no ku buryo bwo kwishyura imisoro. Mu by'ibanze, abafatanyabikorwa benshi bahitamo:

• Ikigo gifite abanyamigabane benshi (Limited Liability Company — LLC): ni bwo buryo busanzwe ku banyamahanga bashaka gucuruza, gukora cyangwa gutanga serivisi mu Bushinwa.
• Ishami ry'ikigo cyo hanze (branch): rikoreshwa n'ikigo gisanzweho ahandi; rifite inshingano zikomeye kandi ibisabwa biracyiyongera.
• Uburere bw'ikigo cy'ubushinwa gifitanye umufatanyabikorwa w'u Bushinwa (joint venture): bishobora kuba ngirakamaro ariko bisaba amasezerano arambuye n'imicungire ihamye.
• Icyicaro cy'ubucuruzi cy'umuntu ku giti cye (representative office): nticishyuza amafaranga ku bucuruzi bwonyine; gikora ibikorwa byo guhuza no gukurikirana.

Ushobora kubanza kwiga amategeko y'akarere (province cyangwa umujyi) aho ushaka gutangira, kuko ibisabwa bishobora gutandukana. Muri rusange, umujyi munini nka Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen cyangwa Guangzhou ufite uburambe mu kwakira abanyamahanga, ariko ibisabwa ntibiba bimwe.

Inyandiko zisanzwe zikenewe

Inyandiko nyinshi zisabwa ziba zifite ururimi rw'igishinwa cyangwa zikeneye guhindurwa mu kigishinwa n'umuhinduzi wemewe. Zirikana ko ibisabwa bishobora kwiyongera bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubucuruzi n'akarere.

1) Inyandiko z'umunyemigabane cyangwa abanyamigabane

• Passeport y'umunyemigabane w'umunyamahanga (kopi yemejwe).
• Aderesi y'aho atuye n'aho abarizwa.
• Niba umunyemigabane ari ikigo: inyandiko z'iyandikishwa ryacyo, abayobozi bayo, n'ububasha bwo gusinyira.
• Icyemezo cy'imiterere y'ikigo cyangwa inyandiko zisa na zo, iyo zisabwa.

2) Izina n'icyicaro cy'ikigo

• Amazina atatu kugeza kuri atanu y'ikigo ushaka kwandikisha, mu kigishinwa, kugira ngo hakorwe igenzura ry'amazina.
• Inyandiko yerekana aho ikigo kizaba (kontaro y'ubukode cyangwa icyemezo cy'umukode w'inyubako).
• Icyemezo cy'ubwoko bw'inyubako niba isabwa n'ubuyobozi bw'akarere.

3) Inyandiko z'ubuyobozi n'imicungire

• Amazina y'umuyobozi mukuru, umuyobozi w'imari n'abandi bayobozi basabwa.
• Indangamuntu cyangwa passeport yabo.
• Icyemezo cy'ubushobozi bwo gusinyira ku ikigo (power of attorney) iyo umuntu utari umunyemigabane asinya.

4) Inyandiko z'ubucuruzi

• Icyerekezo cy'ibikorwa (business scope) mu kigishinwa, kigomba kuba kiri mu byemewe n'amategeko.
• Ingengo y'imari y'ikigo (registered capital) n'uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho.
• Kontaro z'ibikorwa, niba zisabwa n'ubwoko bw'ubucuruzi.

Intambwe zo kwiyandikisha

Urukurikirane rw'intambwe rushobora guhinduka bitewe n'akarere, ariko muri rusange ni uru:

Intambwe 1: Igenzura ry'izina

Banza utange amazina y'ikigo ku buyobozi bw'ubucuruzi bw'akarere (Administration for Market Regulation). Igenzura rishobora kumara iminsi micye cyangwa ibyumweru bitewe n'umubare w'abasaba n'uko izina ryemewe.

Intambwe 2: Gutegura inyandiko z'ishyirwaho

Tegura amasezerano y'ishyirwaho (Articles of Association), inyandiko z'abanyamigabane, n'ibindi bisabwa. Iyi ntambwe isaba ubwitonzi kuko amakosa mu nyandiko ashobora gutuma habaho kongera gutangira.

Intambwe 3: Kwiyandikisha ku buyobozi bw'ubucuruzi

Tanga inyandiko zose ku buyobozi bw'akarere. Iyo zemejwe, ikigo gihabwa icyemezo cy'iyandikishwa (business license). Iyi ni intambwe y'ingenzi cyane.

Intambwe 4: Gukora ikimenyetso n'ibikoresho by'ikigo

Nyuma yo kubona icyemezo, ukora ikimenyetso cy'ikigo (company seal), ikimenyetso cy'imari n'ibindi bikoresho bisabwa. Bitewe n'akarere, ibi bishobora gukorwa ku biro byemewe.

Intambwe 5: Kwiyandikisha mu by'imisoro n'ubwishingizi

Wiyandikishe ku biro by'imisoro (tax registration), ubone nimero y'umusoro, kandi wiyandikishe mu bafata ubwishingizi bw'abakozi niba ufite abakozi. Ibi bisabwa kugira ngo utangire gukora neza.

Intambwe 6: Konti ya banki

Fungura konti y'ikigo muri banki yemewe. Banki ishobora gusaba inyandiko ziyongera, nk'icyemezo cy'iyandikishwa, inyandiko z'abayobozi n'ibindi. Igihe cyo gufungura konti gishobora gutandukana cyane.

Intambwe 7: Ibisabwa by'ubucuruzi bwihariye

Niba ubucuruzi bwawe busaba uruhushya rwihariye (urugero: ibiribwa, imiti, ubwikorezi cyangwa serivisi z'amakuru), ushobora gukenera kwiyandikisha ku zindi nzego. Ibi bisabwa mbere yo gutangira gukora.

Igihe gishobora gutwara

Nta gihe kimwe kuri bose. Muri rusange, iyo inyandiko ziteguye neza kandi nta nzitizi, kwiyandikisha ku buyobozi bw'ubucuruzi bishobora kumara ibyumweru bike. Ariko igihe cyose gishobora kwiyongera bitewe n'ibintu bikurikira:

• Igenzura ry'izina no kongera gutanga amazina.
• Guhindura inyandiko mu kigishinwa no kuzemeza.
• Gutegereza uruhushya rwihariye cyangwa ibisabwa by'akarere.
• Gufungura konti ya banki no kwiyandikisha mu by'imisoro.
• Kuba hari impinduka mu mategeko cyangwa mu buryo bwo gusuzuma inyandiko.

Ni ngirakamaro ko utegura gahunda ifite umwanya w'inyongera, kandi ugakurikirana buri ntambwe n'umufasha w'amategeko cyangwa umujyanama w'ubucuruzi wemewe mu Bushinwa.

Ibintu by'ibanze byo kwitondera ku Banyarwanda

• Uruhererekane rw'inyandiko: inyandiko zo mu Rwanda zishobora gukenera guhindurwa mu kigishinwa no kuzemeza n'ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha. Baza mbere ku buyobozi bw'akarere ugana.
• Umuntu ufite ububasha: menya neza uwemewe gusinyira ku ikigo, kandi utange inyandiko y'ububasha iyo ari ngombwa.
• Izina ry'ikigo: izina ry'igishinwa rigomba kuba ryihariye kandi ryemewe; izina ry'icyongereza ntirihagije.
• Ingengo y'imari: ibisabwa ku ngano y'imari yandikishwa bishobora gutandukana; ntukore ugereranya n'ibindi bihugu.
• Imisoro n'ibaruramari: ibaruramari n'imisoro ni ibintu byihariye; jya uhabwa inama n'umujyanama wemewe mu Bushinwa.
• Abakozi: niba uzakoresha abakozi, menya ibisabwa ku bwishingizi n'amasezerano y'akazi.

Usoza

Kwiyandikisha ikigo mu Bushinwa birashoboka ku mufatanyabikorwa wo mu Rwanda, ariko bisaba gutegura neza inyandiko, gukurikiza intambwe z'ubuyobozi bw'akarere, no kwihangana mu gihe cyo gusuzuma. Iyi ngingo ni amakuru rusange kandi ntabwo isimbura inama z'amategeko cyangwa z'ibaruramari. Mbere yo gutangira, jya uganira n'umujyanama wemewe mu Bushinwa kandi ugenzure ibisabwa bishya ku buyobozi bw'akarere ugana.